2.2 Significance of the situation Essays - Epidemiology, Belief

2.2 Significance of the situation Since the initial evidence pointed to the food distributed at the festival (hence the term a point-source outbreak'), the question of how much investigation should be pursued needed to be considered. B 2.7 Critical questions for discussion 1. Compare this point-source outbreak with the propagated-source outbreak from a bakery (Stewart and Gebrehewet 2012) - what do the epidemic curves indicate about the two situations, what similarities are there, what differences? 2. What is culture? How does it affect health? How important is culture in the presentation, investigation and response to disease in general and in food safety issues? If possible, find other examples. (p.19 paragraph 3) A system of shared concepts, beliefs and values where individuals interpret and make sense of life and the world around them. We would argue that culture is a combination of both active and passive learning; for example, eating habits are learnt (by being taught) but also unconsciously absorbed from those around us. These concepts, beliefs and values find expression in actions by individuals that mark them as members of a cultural group. 3. When should food premises be prosecuted for failures? Why? The investigation of the food premises needed to balance ensuring that forensic evidence of any possible link between the restaurant and the outbreak was robust, while at the same time maintaining good relationships with the restaurant, being mindful that any adverse publicity or decision was likely to have major effects on the business with resulting consequences for staff employment. 4. Microbiological, epidemiological and environmental investigations take time and effort by highly trained professionals. Should every outbreak be investigated? To what extent should any outbreak be investigated? What outcomes matter in an outbreak investigation and response? 5. What is the difference between a primary case and a secondary case? Direct contact by eating the food. Person to person infection. 6. What is the odds ratio' in case-control studies? One of three main ways to quantify how strongly the presence or absence of property A is associated with the presence or absence of property B in a given population.

Sonnet Essays - Literature, Poetry, Literary Criticism, Sonnet 1

Sonnet Essays - Literature, Poetry, Literary Criticism, Sonnet 1 Sonnet The sonnets, 130 and 292, written by William Shakespeare and Francesco Petrarch, both shows their passionate love towards their woman and it is very interesting to compare and contrast the two. Although their passionate mind was similar, they differ in form, tone, and meaning. First of all, the form differs. The Sonnet 130 is written in Shakespearean (English) format, which has the rhyme scheme of a-b-a-b-c-d-c-d-e-f-e-f-g-g. It has three quatrains, four-line stanzas, and ends with a couplet, a two-line stanza. Unlike Sonnet 130, Sonnet 292 follows the Italian (Petrarchan) form. This has a different rhyme scheme that goes a-b-b-a-a-b-b-a-c-d-d-e-e, and it has an octave, the first eight lines which tells the story, and the sestet, the last six lines which the speaker comments on the situation. Although they differ in style, they both follow the iambic pentameter. Secondly, the two sonnets differ in tone. Sonnet 292, like many other sonnets, it idealizes the woman by using words such as the waving hair of unmixed gold that shone, the smile that flashed with the angelic rays that used to make this earth a paradise. (Lines 5-8) These words give the sonnet a very beautiful and heavenly tone. In contrast, William Shakespeare ridicules the physical appearance of his mistress by using words such as if hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head, I have seen roses damaskd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks. (Lines 4-7) Although these words doesnt give a beautiful and heavenly tone, it sets the sonnet up for the meaning. The two sonnets differ in meaning greatly. The Sonnet 130, later gives out the meaning when the author says I love to hear her speak (line 9). He is stating that he loves her uniqueness, and for whom she is, not for her physical appearance. The author also gives a little moral lesson to the readers that people shouldnt love based on looks but for what they really are. In contrast, in Sonnet 292, the author grieves for the loss of his love. His sorrow feelings are well shown in the lines the vein of my accustomed art is dry, and this, my lyre, turned at last to tears. (Lines 13-14) He is saying that his art was motivated by the woman he loved but his desire and passion for art has run out due to the loss. It is clearly shown that the two sonnets differ greatly in form, tone, and meaning. I believe that this is due to the different time and society the authors lived in. But these two sonnets show that no matter the time and society, ones love towards another has always been passionate through out history.

Business Plan for a Startup Business Research Proposal

Business Plan for a Startup Business - Research Proposal Example Planning facilitates him to identify problems that require outside sources of information and help. The nature of markets and customer needs alter rapidly. Planning cannot forecast alteration but it helps an individual to identify it and map his business policy accordingly. Small businesses tend to either cultivate too rapidly for their capital base or too sluggishly to sustain cash flow. Planned growth facilitates him to plan his capital requirements in advance and to guarantee that funds are accessible when one needs them. A detailed Business Plan allows one to scrutinize his results against a prearranged set of objectives and performance principles (Business Planning, n.d.; Business Plan for a Startup Business, n.d.). The rationale behind forming a business plan is that one can expect problems that are likely to take place and decide how they should be dealt with in advance. For instance, a lot of small business proprietors spend so much time ‘putting out the fires’. A business plan often helps an individual to justify his deeds. Often, one chooses to do something because it ‘sounds’ or ‘feels’ right. Preparing a Business Plan compels one to confirm the validity, or at least consider the logic behind one’s plans. Business proposal implies one’s capability and commitment. It is a remarkable document if it is well prepared. It helps us to convince the outsiders, for example, lenders and suppliers that one comprehends the business. It is a long-standing management tool by which decisions can be taken for the future that best suit the intentions of the business. The business proposal helps in scrutinizing and assessing the new business opportunities , proposes a case for finance, and portrays a lucid picture of the business and its prospect.

The principles and prospect of sustainable design Dissertation

The principles and prospect of sustainable design - Dissertation Example It passes unnoticed precisely because it is perfectly functional and its form flows seamlessly into the surrounding environment. For example, an comfortable chair passes unnoticed simply because it is comfortable and compatible with the human form. A well designed kitchen appliance, even something as simple as a can opener, passes unnoticed precisely when it functions easily and smoothly. At the same time design is intimately linked to the world around it. It is a product of wider technological processes and pervasive artistic influences. Fifty years ago issues around environmental problems largely passed unnoticed. However, in the last thirty years as environmental issues have become of increasing importance and awareness has grown of packaging waste, climate change and other issues design considerations have expanded to encompass environmental issues. More recently, emphasis on environmental issues has been replaced by an emphasis on sustainability. The following discussion will fo cus on the interrelationship between sustainability and design. Initially, the term sustainability will be explored and examined. Then the specific issue of sustainability and design will be analyzed. ... In fact, this proposal will argue that most of the 'sustainable' proposals fro rebuilding New Orleans are not sustainable as they neglect the key socio-cultural aspects of sustainable design. Subsequently, one simple proposal for reconstruction that is truly sustainable economically, environmentally and socio-culturally will be presented. The final section of this proposal will then consider how the specific proposal for sustainable reconstruction in New Orleans can be applied in a wider framework in other parts of the globe (notably the United Kingdom). Sustainability Discussion of the issue of sustainable design will commence with a consideration of the history (etymology) of the word sustain, the root of the term sustainability. According to the Online Etymological Dictionary the root of sustain comes from â€Å"late 13 century, from Old French sustenir "hold up, endure," from Latin sustinere "hold up, support, endure," from sub "up from below" + tenere "to hold".2 Thus, sustaina ble design is design that can be supported or held up by the economy, the environment and society. In the context of design, sustainable designs are those designs that can be supported by the environment. Sustainable designs are designs that do not deplete the resources of the environment, but rather can be supported by them. A short, widely accepted and functional definition of sustainability has existed since at least 1987 when the Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future (commonly known as the Brundtland Report) was published. The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) stated, "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Politics - Essay Example While the limitations of the President in effecting change can limit a President whose point of view does not reflect that of the best welfare of the United States, the powers of Congress can impede a President whose interests would better suit the welfare of the citizens of the United States. The nature of the three branches of power within the federal government of the United States were set into balance so that no one branch could attain so much power that it could fully countermand those of the other branches. While the President holds veto power and the Supreme Court can discount laws where they do not fall in line with the spirit and intent of the constitution, these powers can too be circumvented by the powers of Congress. The powers of the Presidency, in particular, were limited so that no one man could rule the nature through despotic power. Although, in recent history the nation has experienced events that led to such types of power taken and used inappropriately. This goes to show that vigilence must be attended in order to contain the nation as a truly democratic and free social structure that is defined by its federal diligence at maintaining that integrity (Tucker and Tucker 407). Article II of the Constitutions of the United States sets down the powers of the President of the United States. Section 1 provides the parameters of the term of office, the parameters of who is eligible to be President, and the parameters of how the President will be elected. Section 2 provides initial context to the nature of the powers of the President. The first clause gives the President the command of the armed forces, but implicitly states that it is only through Congressional agreement that war can be declared. The second clause outlines the President’s power to put into effect treaties. He must get a two thirds vote

Positive effect of technology on business

Positive effect of technology on business Introduction This studys objective is to analyse the positive effect of technology on businesses and organisations. In order to accomplish this objective, an industry as well as an organisation within the industry was selected for focus. Additionally, the technologies that were incorporated into organisation were observed as well as the benefits received by the organisation. The selected industries for the purposes of this study are the global confectionary industry. Additionally, the selected organisation selected for this study is Cadbury, which is a well-known global confectionary organisation, which leads the market in candy. Initially, an analysis of the confectionary industry is performed by the PESTEL and Porters Five Forces models. Additionally, the study the organisation is analysed in detail and the organisations application of technology is also analysed. Global Confectionary Industry The global confectionary market consists of products such as gum, chocolate, cereal bars and sugar cadies. Datamonitor (2009a) reports that in 2008, the global confectionary market created a total revenue of more than $127 billion, which represents 3 percent-per-year growth over than past 4 years. The information below shows the market value since 2004. Source: Datamonitor (2009a) The global confectionary industry is forecasted grow at a rate of 2.7 percent per year and to represent over $135 billion by 2012 (Weston, 2009). The 2008 global confectionary market is segmented into the following product groups as listed below. Global Confectionery Market Segmentation by Product Category Source: Datamonitor (2009a) The information above shows that chocolate represents 48.6 percent of the total market, whereas the sugar confectionary segment represents 35.2 percent. Additionally, the segment of gum is seen as 11.9 percent, followed by cereal bars which represent 4.3 percent of the total market (Datamonitor, 2009a). In terms of geographical segmentation, the largest market share belongs to Europe, which represents 48.4 percent of the total market. America follows Europe with 36.1 percent and 15.1 percent belongs to the Asia-Pacific region (Datamonitor, 2009a). The global confectionary sector consists of several major companies, which represent 35.5 percent of the market. These companies include Cadbury Plc, Mars Inc., and Nestle S. A. The information below shows the total market share of the industry and related companies. Source: Datamonitor (2009a) After briefly examining the industry of global confectionary, the external forces and factors which affect the industry as a whole will be examined. Analysis Of External Forces The PESTEL model of analysis will be used to observe the external factors and their impacts on the global confectionary industry. PESTEL represents a total of six factors, namely Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Ecological and Legal (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Political Factors: The policies of restrictions imposed on trade as well as protectionist policies for sugar producers created by developed countries caused an increase of sugar prices resulting from the decrease in supply (Bandow, 2009). This has been seen as a threat towards confectionary companies, due to their dependence on sugar for their products. Economic Factors: The recent global economic crisis has affected the cost of operations for companies as well as consumption by customers (Koksal and Ozgul, 2007). Consumers tend to spend very conservatively and purchase only times of necessity during recessionary periods. This can have a negative effect on sales of luxurious or premium products in the market, in which the confectionary industry belongs. Adding to this burden, the increased price of cocoa, which is typically a main ingredient of some confectionary products, has had a significant impact on the confectionary industry (globalbusinessinsights, 2009). Social Factors: The overall population of Europe is aging compared to other markets (Travis, 2008). This is important for the confectionary industry, because the market relies on purchases from younger consumers. Additionally, health consciousness plays a role in the sales of the confectionary markets growth (globalbusinessinsights, 2009). Technological Factors: The technological factors that have affected the confectionary market can be seen in the development of artificial sweeteners including xylitol, isomalt, and stevia. The developments of these ingredients resulted in producers of confectionary products to promote non-sugar products to support the growing segment of consumers who are health conscious and provide healthier products (Business Insight, 2009). Ecological Factors: Environmentally friendliness has become a growing concern for many consumers recently. This trend represents nearly 30 percent of the market of consumers (News System, 2009). This has resulted in the confectionary markets development of new packaging and materials which are environmentally friendly. Legal Factors: Obesity is becoming a growing concern for most people in developed countries. Laws have been created which deal with these potential health problems, in particular obesity in children is addressed through these laws. The development of these laws has increased restrictions to promotional efforts towards children of companies such as confectionary producers (Swinburn, 2008). Analysis Of Industry Specific Factors Porters Five Forces model identifies the factors within the industry that affect the organisations profits (Boddy, 2005). Porter (1985), explains that the competitive environment of an industry consists of five general forces. These forces are described as threats of entry, threats of substitutes, buyers bargaining powers, suppliers power and level of rivalry in the market. Using the Five Forces model of Porter, the confectionary industry can be examined. Threat of Entry As previously mentioned, three main companies exists in the confectionary industry which include Nestle S.A., Mars Inc., and Cadbury PLC. These companies combined represent 35.5 percent of the total market. This market contains well-established, strong brands and the new introduction of new brands usually comes through brand-extension of existing brands such as KitKat ‘Chunky and KitKat ‘Cubes. Bargaining Power of Buyers Organisations within this industry offer a variety of products and the elements of price, quality and brands create a highly differentiated market for products. The negotiation power of food retailers, especially in Western countries, over confectionary producers affects the price of products in this industry (Datamonitor, 2009a). Bargaining Power of Suppliers The primary suppliers in this market include raw material producers and cocoa farmers. These cocoa farming activities are dependent on tropical climates and exist in places such as Ghana, Indonesia, Brazil and Cà ´te dIvoire (Datamonitor, 2009a). The primary ingredients in confectionary products such as cocoa and sugar are sold on the commodities market, which limits the manufacturing companys control over suppliers. In 2007 an increase of between 5 and 6 percent on main ingredients of confectionary products were seen, and resulted in higher confectionary product prices (Wearden, 2007). Threat of Substitutes Typically, confectionary products are purchase as snack foods. The substitutes for these products are fruits. The increase of health consciousness has also threatened the confectionary market due to the high substitution of healthier fruits (Datamonitor, 2009a). Lower switching costs results from the substitution products. Degree of Rivalry Large companies dominate the confectionary market. Various products exist in these companies. High brand loyalty exists in the market (Datamonitor, 2009a). Cadbury Cadbury PLC, or simply known as Cadbury represents a global leader in the market of candy, chocolate and gum. Cadbury has operations located in America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The headquarters of Cadbury is located in London, UK where 46,517 people are employed total (Datamonitor, 2009b). As a worldwide confectionary producer, distributor and marketer, Cadbury divides the business into different categories which are gum, chocolate and sugar. The primary area of operation is within the Eurozone, South and Central America, the US, Australia and the Asia Pacific region (Datamonitor, 2009b). The largest segment of the company is represented through its chocolate business which generates approximately 46 percent of the 2008 total revenues. This segment is operated by regions and caters to the preferences and tastes of each market (Datamonitor, 2009b). Cadburys gum segment offers gums of a variety of flavours including mint, strawberry, watermelon and peppermint. The gum segment produced approximately one-third of the 2008 revenues for Cadbury (Datamonitor, 2009b). Additionally, Cadbury offers several types of candies which include toffees and cough drops (Datamonitor, 2009b). Cadbury functions through four different areas which include Britain, Ireland, the Middle East, Africa (BIMA region), as well as the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe. The BI (Britain and Ireland) segment represents the largest business unit overall. In terms of market share, the UK region held 30 percent while Ireland held 42 percent for Cadbury (Datamonitor, 2009b). SWOT Analysis A worldwide confectionary producer, distributor and marketer, Cadbury maintains a strong presence in each area of operation. Cadbury leads the global confectionary market with 10.5 percent of the market share. This strength in the market contributes to the profitability of the firm, but certain market shares are affected do to the increased price of raw materials and heavy competition. Strengths Strength in the market position Expansive geographical presence Highly active in new markets Weaknesses productivity of the employees liquidity status of the firm Opportunities Markets increasing in premium chocolates US and Europe markets are forecasted to increase Threats Increase in raw material prices Highly competitive markets Increase in US labour costs Performance Of The Company  £5,384 million in revenues were seen by Cadbury for the year of 2008, which represents an increase of 14.6 percent compared to the previous year. Cadbury also generated a profit of  £388 million during 2008, which represents a 39.6 percent increase over the previous year. Net profits for Cadbury were  £364 million during 2008, which represent a 10.1 percent decrease from the previous year (Datamonitor, 2009b). Information Technology Information systems are defined as systems that process, collect, interpret or transmit information from users through manual or automated means which include people, machines or different methods of collection. Additionally, this is defined as any type of telecommunications or equipment utilising computers which interact through a systematic network, which functions to gain, store, alter, manage, move, present, control, transmit, or receive data. A few examples of these include hardware, software and firmware. Information Technology on the other hand consists of a host of applications or technologies that allow storing, transferring and processing data to a user or users. Information communication technologies are a generic term that explains a wide variety of elements including fax, telephones, internet, applications, televisions and mobile devices (Daniels, 1998). The fundamental strategy in a firm is based on competition, which can be demonstrated through the idea of survival in the short term, market entry, dealing with legislation and creating quality customer service (Daniels, 1998). Strategic advantage is gained by these different activities and must be upheld by information services and technology. Therefore, information services strategies explain the applications and review the needs of information and implement the appropriate service to meet the needs of the organisation. These information technologies vary from large database systems or processing systems to specialised local systems. The quality of a customers relationship with the firm for example, can depend heavily on the point of contact within a marketing and sales division of a firm (Daniels, 1998). Competitive advantages are sought by companies within their respective markets through a variety of methods, which involve service, products, pricing strategy and differentiation strategies. To have a clear understanding of consumer behaviour and the business environment, a well established system and flow of information is needed. Therefore to align the business strategies with the market, the firm needs to manage the various processes and functions of the firm to encourage efficiency in the organisation. This is where the implementation of the appropriate information systems becomes important. Information systems allow effective communication throughout the organisation and among suppliers and distributors contributing to the supply chain of the organisation (Daniels, 1998). Technology In Cadbury A contract exists between Cadbury and ARINSO which will establish the euHReka system, which will combine the HR functions of the organisation globally. This system will be implemented in 2010 by Cadbury and will allow the employees of the organisation to access various services online. Additionally, information sharing will be created between the HR departments, which will allow better decision making abilities for the organisation. ARINSO has also given Cadbury the option to access services from them in the future (Business Source Complete, 2007). Although this, several problems do arise from IT as well, and Cadbury has witnessed over  £12million reduction in profits due to complications at the UK facilities (Saran, 2006). Due to this, additional IT solutions were integrated. This resulted in  £200 million being spent over a course of four years to assist with the ERP system known as SAP (Saran, 2006). In fact, in 2006, Cadbury began the year with higher than anticipated inventory and stock. Measures were taken to reduce the stock and inventory of the company by discounts in the spring of 2006 (Saran, 2006). Probe was implemented and it was suggested that this implementation resulted in various issues related to the functioning of the supply chain and manufacturing capabilities. These issues were resolved through the use of Probe, which developed a system for purchasing, marketing, distribution, finance, planning, and sales. Conclusion The global confectionary industry is analysed in this study to demonstrate the technology used in the industry. In this analysis, a small growth is demonstrated in within the industry despite the economic situation, although profits in 2008 decreased by 10 percent as compared to 2007 profits. The macro-environmental examination indicate that despite threats resulting from social, legal, and political factors the confectionary market maintains opportunities in new markets, young population of consumers, and the development of alternative raw materials such as artificial sweeteners. These opportunities not only benefit the market, but also specifically benefit Cadbury. New entry barriers however are presented by Porters Five Forces model as being high risk for new entrants. Additionally, buyers retain moderate power, suppliers retain significant power and rivalry is relatively low, while substitutes are high. Therefore, this suggests that profitability for companies can be increased by following trends in the market. In technological terms, the company will establish a new type of technology in 2010, which will provide improved decision-making capabilities in the future. The organisation in the past had implemented Probe, which is a system designed to improve functionality of manufacturing and the supply chain. Bibliography Bocij, P. (2006) Business Information Systems (3rd Ed.), Harlow: Prentice-Hall Boddy, D. (2005) Management: An Introduction (3rd Ed.), London: FT-Prentice Hall Koksal, M. H. and Ozgul, E. (2007) â€Å"The Relationship between Marketing Strategies and Performance in an Economic Crisis†, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 326-342 Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing Management (12th Ed.), New Jersey: Prentice Hall References Bandow, D. (2009) â€Å"Time for Change in Sugar Policy†, available at: http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/2009/08/13/time-for-a-change-in-sugar-policy/ Boddy, D. (2005) Management: An Introduction (3rd Ed.), London: FT-Prentice Hall Business Insight (2009) â€Å"Innovations in Confectionery: Key Trends, Growth Opportunities and Emerging Markets†, available at: http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbcg0205m.pdf Business Source Complete (2007) â€Å"Cadbury Awards ARINSO Global HR IT System Contract†, GlobalSourcing, published on 10/11/2007 Daniels, S. (1998) â€Å"The Strategic Use of Information Systems†, Work Study, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 167-171 Datamonitor (2009a) â€Å"Global Confectionery: Industry Profile September 2009†, available at: www.datamonitor.com Datamonitor (2009b) â€Å"Cadbury Company Profile†, available at: www.datamonitor.com globalbusinessinsights (2009) â€Å"The Top 10 Confectionery Companies†, available at: http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbcg0219m.pdf Koksal, M. H. and Ozgul, E. (2007) â€Å"The Relationship between Marketing Strategies and Performance in an Economic Crisis†, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 326-342 Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing Management (12th Ed.), New Jersey: Prentice Hall News System (2009) â€Å"Confectionery Packaging: Sustainable, Multisensory and White†, published on 7 December 2009, available at: http://www.ceepackaging.com/2009/12/07/confectionery-packaging-sustainable-multisensory-and-white/ Porter, M. (1985) Competitive Advantage, New York: Free Press Saran, C. (2006) â€Å"IT problems cost Cadbury†, Computer Weekly, published on: 6/13/2006 Swinburn, B. A. (2008) â€Å"Obesity Prevention: The Role of Policies, Laws and Regulations†, Australia and New Zealand Health Policy, Vol. 5, No. 12, available at: http://www.anzhealthpolicy.com/content/5/1/12 Travis, A. (2008) â€Å"Fewer Britons in Work Due to Ageing Population and Emigration Rather Than Migrants, Says Report†, available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/jan/09/uk.immigration Wearden, G. (2007) â€Å"Milk and Cocoa Costs Drive up Chocolate Prices†, The Guardian, published on 11 December 2007, available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/dec/11/cadburyschweppesbusiness1 Weston, S. (2009) â€Å"Baked Goods, Confectionery Snacks Market Dynamics†, FoodBev.com, published on 9 July 2009, available at: http://www.foodbev.com/article/baked-goods-confectionery-snacks-market-dynamics

Importance of the Journey in James Joyce’s Dubliners Essays -- James J

Importance of the Journey in James Joyce’s Dubliners "In Ireland the inevitable never happens and the unexpected constantly occurs." Sir John Pentland Mahaffy describes Ireland in a way comparable to James Joyce’s depiction of Ireland in his book Dubliners. Joyce wrote his book of short stories to show how he viewed Dublin and its inhabitants. Joyce did not have positive memories of Dublin and his book casts a negative image upon almost all of Dublin. In Dubliners, James Joyce uses characters and their journeys through society to give his perception of Dublin. In Joyce’s stories with journeys there are many unknown elements to the characters and often their original goals are not accomplished. One story where a character goes on a journey through society is in â€Å"An Encounter.† In the story a group of boys hear of a place called the â€Å"Pigeon House.† Two boys decide to skip school and go on a journey for the house that they heard about from their friends. There are many unknowns for the boys. The boys have some idea where they are going but they do not know the path well at all. They say â€Å"We arranged to go along Wharf Road until we came to the ships, then to cross in the ferryboat and walk out to see the Pigeon House† (13). Joyce’s perception of people planning to go on a journey and not really knowing what they are about to experience shows Joyce’s perception of some people in Dublin. He shows that some in Dublin will go on some aimless journeys with no real sense of direction to gain n othing but experience some sort of adventure. Another unknown element of the journey is the people that the boys come in contact with, specifically an old man that they meet in a field. The old man has an erratic personality and scares the y... ...e that completes what he sets out to do. Only that character dies. It seems that if Michael was the representation of the small successful portion of Dublin, and he dies. This is the first story where one of the prominent characters dies in the story. Michael’s death makes the other living characters around him to seem even more inferior. This journey story is different than most others in the book yet its ending ties up all the other stories. James Joyce uses individuals and their journey through society to give his perception of Dublin. The journeys that take place in Dubliners have many different aspects but all seem to give the same portrayal of the people of Dublin. From what the characters set out to do to the unknown elements that they experienced and the people that they met along the way, all of Joyce’s stories give insight to Dublin and its inhabitants.

A Multi-national state

A Multi-national state is a nation-state which composed of various cultures which often competes for the control. Because of this, there is instability within that state which can be overcome by several methods. One of these methods is by having certain federations within the state. Through this, each nation is granted with certain powers within the state. The positive side in this is that it is easier to regulate, since these nations manage themselves. However, it could lead to problems resulting to competition between these nations. They should be given proper delimitations to avoid further conflicts (Xhaferi, 1998). Another method to maintain peace in a multinational state is the secession or the withdrawal of a nation within the state. This is achieved by complete separation of the nations. An example would be the separation of Czechoslovakia where Slovakia has seceded thus leaving Czech Republic. The positive side of this secession is that the nations become completely separated. They become individual nations which is greatly different back when they are still merged with the other nations. The problem however, is that division of these nations would take them back to scratch, wherein they would have to work on becoming an individual nation. It is like starting a new country or nation from square one. This would require the attention of the whole nation wherein their cooperation is the biggest help in the success of their newly separated nation. They will also have to work on establishing their international relations (Xhaferi, 1998). There is also another method to maintain peace in a multi-national state. This involves public mobility which could lead to civil wars. This would force the nation to take action which would lead to the formation of federations or the initiation of secession. This would however be very costly as well as damaging for those who will engage in the civil war. Â   Â  

Bloomingdales Balances Selfies with Beauty Tips in Instagram Contest

Bloomingdales Balances Selfies with Beauty Tips in Instagram Contest The target audience of the #Bloomieselfie instagram contest were fans especially women who had interest in the competition as well as the participants. Women value beauty and this competition was important as it was able to enlighten them on tips to ensure they stay attractive (McCarthy, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Bloomingdales Balances Selfies with Beauty Tips in Instagram Contest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The #Bloomieselfie instagram contest was looking for fans in general but women were selected because beauty tips are of more value to them as compared to men. The issue that was being addressed by this competition was conducting an informative campaign on beauty tips (McCarthy, 3013). Considering the problem situation, many women are not informed of various beauty tips they can apply. In addition, while the #Bloomieselfie Instagram contest was in progress campaigns had to be run so as to in form the fans of the various entrants and to present an opportunity for them to vote. It was an opportunity for all fans not just women only to appreciate selfies (McCarthy, 2013). The use of social media is very effective as it enables information to reach many people at once. Furthermore it is a very cost effective means of advertising as compared to using advertising agencies or the mass media (McCarthy, 2013). The #Bloomieselfie instagram contest was successful as more awareness about beauty tips and self-confidence was created. This is ascertained by more likes on their Facebook page and an increase of their followers on twitter (McCarthy, 2013). It would be appropriate for more competitions of this nature to be launched so as to help in improving self-esteem and self-confidence of individuals as well as increase the level of public awareness of beauty. Model S Fire The target audience is the prospective car buyers and by extension all individuals. The S car model hit a metal o bject and the battery of the car caught fire. The fire department personnel were called and ascertained that the use of water and dry chemical extinguisher was very effective (Musk, 2013).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was a safety procedure that is important to all individuals. Prospective car buyers prefer a model that is efficient and capable of adaptation in all instances. Tesla was also targeting those are interested to learn more about the S model and the issue that was being addressed was the resilience of the car in severe conditions (Musk, 2013). The problem situation tackles the severity if a gasoline car hit the metal object on the highway. The issue Tesla was trying to raise concerns the safety of a car even in the event of an accident (Musk, 2013). Tesla’s use of social media is very effective since they are able to market the S2 mod el and in the process educating the public on fire safety procedures. The use of social media enables Tesla to display the tenacity of the battery pack in the S model. The marketing plan is very successful since awareness is created easily and in turn the S model car is also marketed. Furthermore the plan succeeds in educating the public on what causes battery fire (Musk, 2013). The battery packs implemented in cars should be able to withstand extreme conditions just like the S model battery pack. In addition, safety measures should be put in place to make the gasoline car safer so as to ensure safety before any accident occurs. References McCarthy, J. (October 31, 2013). Bloomingdales balances selfies with beauty tips in  Instagram contest. Retrieved from https://www.luxurydaily.com/ Musk, E. (October 4, 2013). Model S Fire. Retrieved from https://www.tesla.com/blog/model-s-fireAdvertising We will write a custom case study sample on Bloomingdales Balances Selfies with Bea uty Tips in Instagram Contest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

The Road to Success - Optometry essays

The Road to Success - Optometry essays Many people go throughout high-school and even some of college not knowing exactly what career they would like to work in. Knowing this is critical in choosing your classes and getting organized for your future. You should choose a career that you are interested in; something that you will be doing for the rest of your life every-day. It shouldnt be a career that your parents want you to do, or your decision only based upon how much yearly earnings you would make. Ive chosen the career of optometry. I am very interested in the medical field and I love working with and helping people. This career path is not a very easy one, but I believe if I put my mind to it I can achieve my dream. The duties of being an optometrist, the education and training needed, the skills and personality traits needed, and the salary and benefits all interest me very much encouraging me to proceed with my dream. An Optometrist, also known as an OD, examines, diagnoses, and treats and manages diseases and disorders of the eyes. Along with the treatment of the eyes, they also prescribe glasses and contact lenses, rehabilitating the visually impaired, and diagnosing and treating ocular diseases. Day to day, this work can vary and challenging. Performing routine visual exams, removing a foreign body from the cornea, evaluating a child who is not performing well in school, managing the care of the contact lens patients, prescribing medicating fro glaucoma, providing follow-up care after refractive surgery, and fitting a legally blind patient with a magnifying device that will enable the person to read. As known, all optometrists provide general eye and vision care; however, some optometrists work in a general practice, and other optometrists work in a more specialized practice such as contact lenses, geriatrics, low vision services, occupational vision, pediatrics, or sports vision or visio n therapy. Others in this field may choose to ent...

Evaluating the impact of CSR on consumer buying behaviour, An Essay

Evaluating the impact of CSR on consumer buying behaviour, An empirical study from the UK consumer, and company perspective - Essay Example any develops and the more that it increases in size, the more does it become visible to the public’s consciousness and the more that it is expected to be responsible for its business processes and the impact of such processes on society (Daub & Ergenzinger, 2006). Corporate social responsibility is something that is focused on doing not only what is right but what is fair, while at the same time, avoiding causing harm. It can therefore be perceived as a manner with which a company regulated its activities (Moir, 2001). Corporate sustainability on the other hand, refers to the sustainable development and the ability of a company to generate performance for the long-term, in order to make sure that the company survives amidst its competition (Munilla & Miles, 2005). However, in order to make sure that corporate sustainability is possible, it is important that the company makes sure that they meet the needs and expectations of their stakeholders, while they also seek to protect, support and enhance the resources acquired from human labour and the natural resources that are needed by the entire community in future years (Strategic Direction, 2008). According to Van der Putten (2005), the stakeholder theory is one that has brought about the importance of corporate social responsibility or CSR among business organizations. Based in this theory, companies do not only have a responsibility towards the society within which they hold their operations, but also their shareholders, their employees, their consumers, their suppliers and their local communities (Vogel, 2005). In this context, it is the responsibility of any company to make sure that they are able to give something back to the entire community and the environment, both of which have helped them to become successful, or continues to contribute to their success (Bronn & Vrioni, 2001). The implementation and the continuation of corporate social responsibility among business organizations actually ‘constitutes

Strategic Analysis and Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Strategic Analysis and Choice - Essay Example The analysis includes political, economic, social and technological factors. Political factors affect the marketing and strategic growth plans of a business. Legislations and regulations of a country affect the plans of the business. This can be control of ingredients used, price changes and different views of the party in power compared to the former one. For e.g. in Pakistan, after the emergency was imposed on 3rd November 2007 the media was curbed and shut down until they signed a deal not to talk against the present government. Thus, GEO Pakistan a channel that is aired in Pakistan, Dubai, UK, USA and Canada. This organization is a multinational since it is aired in three continents around the world. The company uses all the latest technology in media like news room automation service, graphics system, automated play out system, media server systems, GEO firsts (interactive program) and training on international standards; and it is a market leader at home in Pakistan. It is huge since it employs the most people in Pakistan. The company is young. The company is family owned. The channel refused to abide by the regulations and has not been aired in Pakistan up till now. The channel was a leader in the market but now they have suffered huge losses due to the close down of the channel. Eventually, they had to abide by the regulations to avoid further losses and downsizing of employees. Now the channel will be aired soon. GEO is a good example of a company that tried to go against the industry norms and comply with the rules in order to differentiate but it all went wrong and they suffered. This was a risk and they had to pay for non compliance of industry norms. This example is a fitting example in this case because their strategic... This essay is a strategic analysis of how the companies respond to changes in their internal and external environments. Also that companies often plan to use such strategies to gain a competitive advantage over their various competitors since an edge over the others always helps them stand at the highest peak and successfully manage to balance and avoid falling disastrously. Often companies plan and forecast but the actual result is different from the forecasted one. Theories are often good to study and get a proper understanding of the situation but they do not necessarily fit in real life. Uncertainty is part of life and a proper analysis to take a decision is important for companies. Thus, businesses aim to grow and gain competitive advantages since expansion is an industry norm but then they have to face problems while operating in the internal and external environments and these businesses tend to use these strategies to their best advantage and even by manipulating these at tim es to fit their conditions and markets. This helps them grow and gain an edge over their competitors. Competitive advantages are essential to businesses for continuous growth in the existing and new markets in order to expand and turn into giants. Managers need to have a clear vision of the future of the company.